High key lighting is when the lighting makes the image look very bright, to create this you need to make sure your camera is set to a high exposure
Low key lighting is when the lighting makes the image look dark and dull and the tone is a lot darker.
There are different types of lighting equipment that can change the way your studio and image both look.
- background light - this projects against the back wall and lights up the whole studio
- spot light - this attaches over the camera lens to place direct light onto a subject
- softbox - large, transparent squares that are placed over a light and gives a soft light onto a subject (ideal for face images)
- umbrella - this is attached to a lamp and creates a flash which places a bright light on your model's face
- reflector - you can use gold or white reflectors and these reflect light into dark areas of your model's face, eg under the chin
Source:
http://photosecrets.com/studio-lighting-for-beginners
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